In today's time, we keep using electricity all the time and in such a situation if you do not know what the transformer is and how much its efficiency is.
What is electricity and how it is made, we have told earlier in this article, in which we have also told that the electricity that is produced is converted to high voltage to move it from one place to another and then it is used at home. Is converted to low voltage.
Low voltage electricity cannot be carried away. That is why it is converted to a higher voltage. In this post, we will also explain how these types are. So let's know what a transformer is and what principle it works on.
What is transformer?
A transformer is a static electrical machine that supplies AC electrical power to another circuit at constant frequency, but the voltage level can be changed, ie the voltage can be increased or decreased as needed.
Energy transfer is usually accompanied by a change in voltage and current. This decreases or increases the AC current.
This is used to meet a wide variety of needs.
Even if the machines are very high in our homes and the current is not enough for us, we make CVT, whose full name is Constant Voltage Transformer. Through this, we increase the low voltage as per our wish.
Definition of transformer:
A transformer is a stationary device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another via electromagnetic induction. It is commonly used to increase and decrease the voltage between step up and step down.
What principle does the transformer work on
It works on the principle of Faraday's Law of Magnetic Induction according to which
The magnitude of the voltage is directly proportional to the rate of change in the flux.
The transformer working principle is very simple.
When there is a mutual induction between two or more winding which we also know as coil, the electrical energy is transferred between the two circuits.
Suppose you have a winding which we also call coil and in which an AC electrical source is connected, which sends electricity to it.
The electricity that flows through this winding produces a constantly changing and alternating flux winding around it.
Now here if the second winding is brought closer to this winding, then the smaller portion of alternating flux from it connects the second winding to the first winding.
Because we know that now the flux is constantly changing its magnitude and direction, so it is important to have a changing flux connected to the other winding or coil.
According to the Faraday Electromagnetic Induction Law, an EMF will be indented in the second winding. If the circuit of the other winding is closed, then a current will flow through it.
It is the basic working principal of the transformer.
The coil or winding that gives the desired output voltage due to mutual induction is normally called secondary winding. This is the second winding or coil.
If the transformer increases the voltage between the primary and secondary winding, we know it as a step up transformer.
Conversely, which reduces the voltage between the secondary winding from the transfer primary, we know it as a step-down transformer. We will know more about step up and step down transformer in further detail.
Diagram of a transformer
Practically this is not possible when we talk about an ideal transformer because a very small amount of flux is produced when the primary coil is connected to the secondary coil in open air.
Therefore, when the current flows in the closed circuit, which is connected to the secondary winding, it will be very low which cannot be measured.
The rate of change in flux linkage depends on the amount of link flux of the secondary winding, so ideally almost the primary winding should be linked to the entire secondary winding. A core type transformer is used to effectively and efficiently.
This allows low reluctance path flow for both windings to occur. Due to low reluctance, primary winding produces the maximum amount of flux that the link passes in secondary winding.
When the transformer is on and the current is passed from the current, the transformer knows the name of inrush current.
What are the parts of transformer?
It mainly consists of three parts.
➤ Primary winding
➤ Magnetic core
➤ Secondary winding
Primary winding
Primary winding is the winding that is connected to the AC current ie power source and produces magnetic flux.
Magnetic core
The primary winding that produces magnetic flux goes through this low reluctance link pass to the secondary winding and forms a closed magnetic circuit.
Secondary winding
The flux, produced by primary winding, passes through the core and connects it to the secondary winding. Secondary winding is also connected to the core and allows us to make the output voltage as desired.
Importance of transformer
If you go to any city or village, if there is electricity, then there will definitely be a transformer because without it the homes of the current people cannot be reached. It is planted everywhere according to the population.
According to its capacity, electricity is given to as many houses as it can handle. The higher the capacity of the transformer, the more power it can supply to the households.
When the load is high, the voltage decreases and people have to face troubles.
It has a lot of importance in our life because whenever we have a transformer in your area, if it gets burnt, then we have to stay in darkness without electricity and even the machines that run from it come to a standstill.
➤ Usually electrical power is generated in 11 kilo volts.
➤ Due to economic reasons, a very high voltage is converted to 220 kV or 440 kV to send AC power for a long distance.
➤ That is why step up transformer is used to convert the power generated in the power station to high voltage.
➤ For safety reasons, the voltage is changed at all stations with the help of step-down transformers.
➤ So that they can be sent and used in different places, the voltage is changed to 400 / 230V from the step-down transformer.
What is the efficiency of the transformer
The efficiency of the transformer is 90–98%. Its efficiency is always between 0 and 100% but it can never be 1% or 100%.
Safety tips of transformers
➤ Check the transformer repeatedly so that the breakdown is minimized
➤ Check the transformer before installation. And note that there is no smell of burns or if any power cable connector is defective
➤ Keep the power off while working in the transformer.
➤ Must use personal protective equipment.
➤ Always keep the transformer and its compliant dry.
What is the type of transformer?
Types based on core and winding positions:
1. Core type
Core type transformers are transformers in which primary winding and secondary winding are placed around each limb.
There is a core type and there is a magnetic circuit which is equivalent to an electric series circuit. Lamination in this is in the form of E and L strips. It requires more copper.
This winding is also known as Concentric Winding and Cylindrical Winding. It consists of 2 limb.
2. Shell type
In shell type transformers, two windings are placed in the center core. Shell type core is equivalent to electric panel circuit. Lamination is in the form of L strip.
It requires less copper. This winding is also known as Sandwich and Disc Winding. It consists of 3 limb.
Types based on winding:
1. Step-up transformer
When the voltage is increased on the outside, the transformer is called a step up transformer, in which the number of turns means that the number of copper wires wrapped on the coil is more than the secondary winding. Because its secondary side high voltage is developed.
In countries such as India, power is usually generated at 11Kv. Step up transformers are used to send very high voltage over long distances due to economical reasons.
The power created for this is first sent to the power station and then with the help of step up transformer, the voltage is converted to high voltage (220v-440v) and then it is transported over a long distance.
2. Step-down transformer
A step-down transformer reduces the output voltage or, in other words, it converts high voltage low current power to a low voltage high current power.
To deliver power to various regions, the voltage has to be changed to 440v / 230v for safety reasons and a step-down transformer is used for this.
In this way, in secondary winding, compared to primary winding, no. of turns is low due to which the voltage can be reduced.
Types by service:
1. Power transformer
A power transformer is a transformer that is used to transfer electrical energy to any part of an electrical and electronic circuit and is between a generator and a distribution and primary circuit.
There are many types of small power transformers such as medium-sized and large-sized power transformers.
2. Distribution transformer
Distribution A transformer is a transformer that is used to transfer electrical energy to any part of an electrical and electronic circuit and is between a generator and a distribution and primary circuit.
These transformers are used for distribution system interface. Liquid is used in a common power transformer and has a lifespan of about 30 years.
There are also many types of power transformers such as small power transformers medium size and large size power transformers.
➤ Small power transformers can range from 500-7500kVA.
➤ Medium power transformers can range from -100MVA.
➤ Large power transformers can have a range of 100MVA and above.
3. Instrument transformer
It is used to measure electrical quantity in AC system such as voltage, current, power, energy, power factor, frequency etc. Instrument transformers are used as protection layers to protect the power system.
The basic function of an instrument transformer is to step down the voltage and current of the AC system. The voltage and current level of the power system are very high.
Instruments that measure very high voltage and current have very high design cost. Normally measuring instruments are designed to measure current and voltage of 5 amperes and 110 volts.
In this way it is made easy to measure very large electrical quantity scores, that too with the help of instrument transformers only. Such instrument transformers are very popular in modern power systems.
4. Current transformer
This is a type of instrument transformer.
Its design is designed to produce alternating current in secondary winding which is proportional to the current measured in primary winding.
They replace high voltage current in very small amounts and provide an actuarial electrical current flow in the AC transmission line with safety. Extended ammeter is used for this.
5. Potential transformer
It is a voltage step down transformer that lowers the voltage of a high voltage circuit so that it can be measured through low voltage.
According to the monitoring, they are connected across or parallel to the parallel line. Its basic principle of operation and construction is similar to that of a standard power transformer.
6. Auto-transformer
It is such a transformer which has only one winding and which is on the laminated core.
It is similar to 2 winding transformers, the only difference is that the connection between the primary and secondary is different, a part of the winding is common for both primary and secondary.
In the load condition, one part of the load current is taken from the supply and the remaining part is taken from its action. It acts as a voltage regulator.
In short
When the transformer installed around the house goes bad, there is chaos in the middle of the people. If seen, it has become a very important part of our life, now whether people live in cities or in villages, it is the same. That is why you must have understood what it means in our life.
In today's post, you learned what a transformer is and why its safety is important. The most important role that we get 24 hours a day is the power of the transformer.
You also know on what principle the transformer works and what is its type as well as on which rules it works.
I hope you enjoy this post. If you find this post helpful, then share it with friends in Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp.
Reviewed by imran
on
March 28, 2021
Rating:
No comments: